Pdf approaches and methods in language teaching ijirt. Approaches and methods in language teaching etheses. This post will help to clarify the meaning of these interrelated terms and provide examples of each. To highlight the similarities and differences between. Hunter and smith 2012 analyzed the keywords in articles published in one leading ukbased journal elt journal.
An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning. Communicative language methodology teaching approach. Approaches and methods in language teaching cambridge. Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by. Taskbased language learning and teaching tblt has been the most popular teaching method since it was proposed by prabhu in 1987, as it was a reaction to the criticisms of the traditional. The purpose of this paper is to argue that though the communicative approach to language teaching in its original sense has long been theoretically dead, it has for an almost equally long time at least potentially existed in a new form, and continues to thrive.
My paytm number is 9671544055 thanks for the support. The whole foundation of contemporary language teaching was developed during the early part of the twentieth century. Direct method did pave the way for more communicative, oral based approach, and as such represented an important step forward in the history of language teaching. What is the direct approach, also called the direct method or natural approach. Community language learning language teaching methods. Comparison of first and second language learning processes language teaching and the bilingual method, cj dodson, pitman publishing 1967, isbn 0 273 31665 6.
Oct 22, 2012 the strengths of communicative language teaching it is clear that clt is an umbrella approach with the objective of communicative competence and can be applied in a variety of more. The study of the spoken language phonetic training to guarantee good pronunciation the use of conversation texts and dialogues to introduce conversational phrases and idioms. This paper tries to analyze their effectiveness and weakness of several most influential teaching approaches and methods. Language teaching in the twentieth century was branded by frequent change and revolution and by the development of sometimes contending language teaching ideologies. Mar 19, 2014 approach, method and technique in language learning and teaching 1. This second edition is an extensive revision of this successful text. Is the communicative language teaching approach more. Tefl approach, method and technique elih sutisna yanto fkip pbi unsika westjava indonesia 2. Approaches and methods in language teaching grammar translation method. Larsenfreemans ma program for teacher education at sit.
The language activities consistent with the lexical approach must be directed toward naturally occurring language and toward raising learners awareness of the lexical nature of language. Drawing on principles of counselling therapy then prevalent, cll emphasizes the importance of the learners themselves by calling them clients and letting them design lesson content. The focus is on measurable and usable knowledge, skills and abilities ksas. Mar 16, 2015 a method is an application of an approach in the context of language teaching. Approaches and methods in language teaching seeks to provide a comprehensive and comprehensible account of major and minor trends in language teaching methods from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present. Approaches and methods in language teaching approaches and methods in language teaching, second edition. Cambridge university press 9780521008433 approaches and methods in language teaching, second edition jack c.
The discussion will be exemplified with reference to grammartranslation method and communicative language teaching methodology. My colleague, michael jerald, will now demonstrate. Approach, method and technique in language learning and teaching. Many methods such as grammar translation method, structural approach, and direct method have been tried out. When communicative language teaching clt was first developed in the 1970s, it was widely seen as the definitive response to the shortcomings of previous approaches and the communication needs of a globalized world. Teachers adopting an approach have considerable flexibility in how they apply the principles to their own contexts.
Comparison of first and secondlanguage learning processes language teaching and the bilingual method, cj dodson, pitman publishing 1967, isbn 0 273 31665 6. But, it was flexible approach as far as the teaching is concerned. Approaches and methods in language teaching cambridge language teaching library kindle edition by richards, jack c download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Make it a clear goal to make your students talk in class as early in the course as possiblein the first class, really.
There is no single acceptable way to go about teaching language today. The oral approach is a method in which children to use whatever hearing they get from their surroundings. Translation and grammar explanations were rejected, learners were exposed to sequences of actions, and the spoken form was taught. Ppt approach, method, technique in language teaching elih. Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material. A method is a plan for presenting the language material to be learned and should be based upon a selected approach. Competencybased language teaching is still a very popular outcomebased approach. Community language learning cll is a teaching method developed in the 1970s in the usa by jesuit priest, psychologist and educator charles curran. The six studio instructors, each a specialist in the methodapproach being demonstrated, are staff members from prof.
In language teaching, in the general area of teaching methodology, people talk about approaches, methods, procedures, and techniques. Natural approach direct method of language teaching. Like the first edition, it surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching, such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. The text examines each approach and method in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and. The natural approach methods and approaches of language. Ppt approach, method, technique in language teaching.
The term natural approach or natural method was first used in the nineteenth century to describe teaching methods, such as the direct method, that attempted to mirror the processes of learning a first language. The direct method is a speechcentered teaching approach and believes that theres nothing like having your students talk in the target language. Approaches and methods for foreign language teaching. It is a method with which many of you may already be familiar. This method employs the memorization of various grammar rules and the translation of second language material to the students native language. Thety anggraini 06081001003 lianasari 06081001004 english education study program sriwijaya university introduction nowadays, english becomes an international language. Grab any excuse you have to make them open their mouths and use the target. In the teaching of english as foreign language, it has enjoyed a great reputation in the past at present also, many teachers prefer to teach english by this method. Lexical approach foreign language teaching methods. The principles of the direct method in teaching english. The grammar translation method in language teaching is better known as the grammartranslation method.
Language teaching methods frankfurt international school. Pdf on mar 3, 2014, servet celik and others published celik, s. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading approaches and methods in language teaching cambridge language teaching library. This method was used for teaching and learning latin and it places a lot of emphasis on learning vocabulary and grammar. Communicative language teaching a functional approach since 1970s. An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods eric.
Communicative language teaching is generally regarded as an approach, because the principles underlying it can be applied in many different ways. Besides the communicative method, other language teaching methods that can help are the audio lingual method, the direct method, the natural method and the acculturation method. A method is an application of an approach in the context of language teaching. Grammar translation method was the most popular and widely used method for language teaching between the ages of 1840 to 1940. Approach, method and technique in language learning and teaching 1.
Rejecting the passive recipient stance of behaviorism, proponents of the new approach insisted. Approach, method, procedure, and techniques in language. Approaches and methods in language teaching, 2nd edition epdf. You may center on the diction, or the theme, or the structure, or the romantic or modern, etc.
Language teaching methodology and second language acquisition. The six studio instructors, each a specialist in the method approach being demonstrated, are staff members. An example of a method is the grammartranslation method. Erton 1997 stresses the functional study of language, by insisting on finding specific purposes that language is used for, and on revealing how communicators react to those purposes through the abovementioned four skills. Positive reinforcement helps students to develop correct habits. It is about understanding and implementing principles of learning. Extensive research on second language teaching has been conducted on teaching english, other european languages or chinese as a second language, but no quantitative study exists comparing the effectiveness of communicative language teaching approach clt with that of grammar translation method gt at teaching chinese as a foreign language cfl. Pdf approaches and methods in language teaching 2nd ed. Pdf on dec 1, 2002, roger barnard and others published approaches and methods in language teaching 2nd ed.
An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and. Sep 27, 2008 the natural approach is a method of language teaching developed by stephen krashen and tracy terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Since then, a number of teaching methods and approaches have been developed. The role of the communicative approach and cooperative learning in higher education 127 teaching. Overview of most well known methods in language teaching. Jun 12, 2011 direct method did pave the way for more communicative, oral based approach, and as such represented an important step forward in the history of language teaching. Communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the. The two spanish elt textbooks chosen for the textbook analysis in this. The grammar translation method was the earliest language teaching method to be formalised and dominated language teaching from the 1840s to the 1880s. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Linguistics language teaching methodology and second language acquisition j. The direct method aims at developing an instinctive unerring language sense in the people. For a more detailed analysis of the different methods, see approaches and methods in language teaching richards, j. It demands all the society in every background especially for students to master it well. Language teaching approach, method and technique youtube.
Thus, an approach is usually understood as the body of linguistic, psychological and pedagogical theories which inspire the teaching practice. Approaches an approach is a theory about language learning or even a philosophy of how people learn in general. Dec 09, 2017 the grammar translation method in language teaching is better known as the grammartranslation method. Communicative language teaching can be understood as a set of principles about the goals of language teaching, how learners learn a language, the kinds of classroom activities that best facilitate learning, and the roles of teachers and learners in the classroom. Mar 15, 2018 guys, you can support me at paytm as a donor. Edward anthony 1965 an approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language and the nature of language learning and teaching. Jun 12, 2011 reading approach is like gtm grammar translation method since it also stressed on written skills. It was promoted in the 1970s by scheckcompetencybased language teaching. They also take help from the context to understand and use language. Within the teaching method framework, the approach is constituted by those theoretical principles on which the curricular design is based richards and rodgers, 1986.
Approaches and methods in language teaching, 2nd edition cambridge language teaching library. In this video, teacher lela talks about the direct approach to language learning. The direct method through focusing on everyday language, and using questions and answers lays an emphasis on teaching oral language. At our spanish language school besides using a communicative approach, we take from each other method what we need in order to meet the specific requirements of each of.
It is also called the classical method of teaching english. Medved krajnovic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss cognitive psychology a new method appeared the cognitive code learning. Principles of communicative will learn about language. Reading in the target language should be taught from the beginning of the language instruction. Approach is the way in which you will approach the piece of literature you are teaching.
This paper will discuss the statement approaches to language teaching can be characterised as the emphasis on certain design features at the expense of others. The first method we will observe is the audiolingual method or alm. What is grammar translation method in language teaching. A textbased approach to language teaching by michelle. Mastering english becomes a need for students who want to. Language teaching came mad about its own as a vocation in the twentieth century. Only the grammar necessary for reading comprehension and fluency is taught. The target language is the language of the classroom.
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